Japanese Works of Art
Lone Monkey by KONOSHIMA ŌKOKU 木島桜谷 (1877–1938)
Image: 125 × 36cm (49 1/2 × 14 1/8in)
Provenance
Private collection in London.
Works by Konoshima Ōkoku are held in major international museum collections, including the British Museum, the Seattle Art Museum, and the Kyoto City Museum of Art, among others.
Lone Monkey by KONOSHIMA ŌKOKU 木島桜谷 (1877–1938)
In this evocative kakejiku (掛け軸, hanging scroll), a solitary Japanese macaque is depicted crouching among delicate autumn flora. The work is a masterclass in the Kyoto nihonga tradition (日本画, Japanese painting), blending naturalistic observation with expressive emotion. The monkey is rendered with supple, nuanced ink handling that captures the tactile softness of its fur, while the subtle application of color among the seasonal flowers provides a gentle contrast to the creature’s quiet, contemplative posture. This composition reflects the stylistic evolution of Ōkoku during his later years, when his brushwork became increasingly economical, stripping away the superfluous to focus on a pared-back aesthetic that evokes a deep, psychological resonance. This work therefore embodies the transition of early 20th-century Kyoto painting: a move away from purely decorative realism toward a more atmospheric, modern interiority.
Konoshima Ōkoku, also known as Kijima Sakuraya (1877–1938), was a distinguished Japanese painter of the Shijō school whose refined brushwork and poetic sensibility earned him the sobriquet “the Goshun of the Taishō era.” Born in Kyoto as Kijima Bunjiro, he emerged from a culturally sophisticated household closely connected to artistic and literary circles. His early formation was shaped by rigorous study and wide intellectual curiosity, laying the foundation for a career that would bridge the late Meiji through early Shōwa periods while preserving the lyrical naturalism of the Shijō tradition.
Ōkoku trained under the eminent bird-and-flower master Imao Keinen, whose influence is evident in the artist’s lifelong devotion to direct observation and sketching. From an early stage he distinguished himself at national exhibitions, where his technically assured animal paintings and expansive compositions attracted both critical praise and imperial patronage. At the Ministry of Education’s Bunten exhibitions he won a remarkable succession of prizes, establishing a reputation as one of Kyoto’s most renowned painters. His subjects expanded to include landscapes, historical themes, and the refined kachō-ga (花鳥画, bird-and-flower) genre, yet throughout his oeuvre he maintained a distinctive balance of vitality and restraint.
In 1912 Ōkoku was appointed professor at the Kyoto Municipal School of Arts and Crafts and soon after became a Bunten judge, confirming his status within the Kyoto art world alongside famous contemporaries such as Takeuchi Seihō. Although shifting critical fashions later obscured his prominence, he continued to receive steady commissions and remained deeply committed to his practice. In his later years at Kinugasa, an area that evolved into an “artists’ village,” partly through his presence, his style grew increasingly pared back, characterised by economical brushwork and quiet psychological depth.
Today, Konoshima Ōkoku’s work is enjoying renewed scholarly and market attention, notably following the major 2021–2022 retrospective at the Fukuda Art Museum and Saga Arashiyama Museum. His paintings are prized for their sensitive observation of nature, gentle anthropomorphism of animals, and serene decorative harmony.